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Article 53
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General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority

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Key words related to article 53

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(121) The general conditions for the member or members of the supervisory authority should be laid down by law in each Member State and should in particular provide that those members are to be appointed, by means of a transparent procedure, either by the parliament, government or the head of State of the Member State on the basis of a proposal from the government, a member of the government, the parliament or a chamber of the parliament, or by an independent body entrusted under Member State law. In order to ensure the independence of the supervisory authority, the member or members should act with integrity, refrain from any action that is incompatible with their duties and should not, during their term of office, engage in any incompatible occupation, whether gainful or not. The supervisory authority should have its own staff, chosen by the supervisory authority or an independent body established by Member State law, which should be subject to the exclusive direction of the member or members of the supervisory authority..

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(62) Whereas the establishment in Member States of supervisory authorities, exercising their functions with complete independence, is an essential component of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data;

The GDPR

Article 53 sets out the general conditions of the status applicable to the members of the supervisory authority, in accordance with the case law of the CJEU (see CJEU, 9 March 2010, C-518/07), and on the basis also of article 42, paragraphs 2 to 6 of the Regulation (EC) No. 45/2001 on the processing of data carried out by the institutions and bodies of the European Union.

Initially, recital 121 recommended that the conditions applicable to the members are determined by the law of each Member State and that the appointment of members is made by the parliament or by the federal government.

The second proposed version of the Regulation has somewhat eased the principles established by the above-mentioned recital by providing that members of the supervisory authority may also be appointed by an independent body.

Thus, Article 53 in its first paragraph provides that the members of the supervisory authorities be appointed by means of a transparent procedure by either their parliament or government, by the head of their state or by an independent body entrusted with the appointment under Member State law (Art. 53 (1)).

According to the second paragraph, each member shall have the qualifications, experience and skills, in particular in the area of the protection of personal data, required to perform its duties and exercise its powers.

Article 53 provides several guarantees of independence in favour of members of the national authority: first the duties of a member shall end in the event of the expiry of the term of office, or resignation or compulsory retirement  in accordance with the law of the Member State concerned (paragraph 3). The final version of the Regulation adds that a member shall be dismissed only in cases of serious misconduct or if the member no longer fulfils the conditions required for the performance of the duties (paragraph 4).

The Directive

The Directive does not say much about the status of the members of the supervisory authority. At most, Article 28 (7) of the Directive imposed to the Member States the obligation to provide that the members and staff of the supervisory authority, even after their employment has ended, are to be subject to a duty of professional secrecy with regard to confidential information to which they have access.

Potential issues

We do not see a priori any specific implementation difficulties.

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Regulation
1e 2e

Art. 53

1.   Member States shall provide for each member of their supervisory authorities to be appointed by means of a transparent procedure by:

– their parliament

– their government;

– their head of State; or

– an independent body entrusted with the appointment under Member State law.

2.   Each member shall have the qualifications, experience and skills, in particular in the area of the protection of personal data, required to perform its duties and exercise its powers.

3.   The duties of a member shall end in the event of the expiry of the term of office, resignation or compulsory retirement, in accordance with the law of the Member State concerned.

4.   A member shall be dismissed only in cases of serious misconduct or if the member no longer fulfils the conditions required for the performance of the duties.
1st proposal close

Art. 48

1.           Member States shall provide that the members of the supervisory authority must be appointed either by the parliament or the government of the Member State concerned.

2.           The members shall be chosen from persons whose independence is beyond doubt and whose experience and skills required to perform their duties notably in the area of protection of personal data are demonstrated.

3.           The duties of a member shall end in the event of the expiry of the term of office, resignation or compulsory retirement in accordance with paragraph 5.

4.           A member may be dismissed or deprived of the right to a pension or other benefits in its stead by the competent national court, if the member no longer fulfils the conditions required for the performance of the duties or is guilty of serious misconduct.

5.           Where the term of office expires or the member resigns, the member shall continue to exercise the duties until a new member is appointed.
2nd proposal close

Art. 48

1.Member States shall provide that the member or members of each supervisory authority must be appointed (...) by the parliament and/or the government or the head of State of the Member State concerned or by an independent body entrusted by Member State law with the appointment by means of a transparent procedure

2. The member or members shall have the qualifications, experience and skills required to perform their duties and exercise their powers.

3. The duties of a member shall end in the event of the expiry of the term of office, resignation or compulsory retirement in accordance with the law of the Member State concerned.

4. (...)

5. (…).
Directive close

Art. 28

(...)

7. Member States shall provide that the members and staff of the supervisory authority, even after their employment has ended, are to be subject to a duty of professional secrecy with regard to confidential information to which they have access.
Czechia
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visibility Old law

Act No. 110/2019 Coll., on the Processing of Personal Data, as amended

President and Vice-President of the Office

Art. 52

(1) The Office shall be headed by the President of the Office appointed and dismissed by the Czech President on the proposal of the Senate. President of the Office shall be deemed to be a member of the supervisory authority pursuant to Article 53 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council. President of the Office may permanently entrust some of his or her tasks to the Vice-president of the Office. President of the Office shall be deemed to be a service body pursuant to the Civil Service Act and shall be authorised to instruct civil servants on the performance of the civil service.

(2) The term of office of the President of the Office shall be 5 years. President of the Office may be appointed for 2 consecutive terms at maximum.

(3) President of the Office may only be appointed from among Czech citizens who

(a) has full legal capacity;

(b) has reached at least 40 years of age;

(c) has clear criminal record, comply with the conditions laid down by other legal regulations and his or her knowledge, experience and morals indicate that he or she will discharge the office properly, and

(d) has obtained university degree by completing a Master’s programme in law or computer science, possesses the necessary proficiency in English, German, or French, and has at least 5 years of experience in the field of personal data protection or human rights and fundamental freedoms; education in other fields is permissible for candidates with over 10 years of experience in the above areas.

(4) For the purposes of this Act, clear criminal record shall mean lack of valid conviction of a criminal offence related to personal data processing committed intentionally or by negligence.

(5) The discharge of office of the President of the Office is incompatible with the discharge of the office of member of the Chamber of Deputies or Senate, judge, public prosecutor or any public administration office or a membership in a political party or a political movement.

(6) President of the Office may not discharge another paid office, be in another employment relationship or perform gainful activities except for management of his or her own property and scientific, educational, literary, journalistic or artistic activities, unless such activities impair the dignity of the Office or endanger the trust in its independence and impartiality.

(7) President of the Office may be dismissed if he or she no longer complies with any of the conditions for appointment.

Art. 53

(1) The Office shall have two Vice-presidents, who shall be elected and dismissed by the Senate at the proposal of the President of the Office. Vice-president of the Office shall be a section director. Vice-president of the Office shall be deemed to be a member of the supervisory authority pursuant to Article 53 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

(2) Vice-president of the Office shall represent the President of the Office in his or her absence; the order of precedence in representing the President of the Office shall be based on the order in which the Vice-presidents of the Office were elected, including any immediately preceding term of office.

(3) A citizen of the Czech Republic who has reached the age of 35 may be appointed as Vice-president of the Office; the provisions of Article 52(2) through (7), with the exception of Article 52(3)(b), shall apply mutatis mutandis.
Old law close

Act No. 101/2000 Coll., on the Protection of Personal Data and on Amendments to Certain Acts, as amended - repealed as of April 24, 2019

Art. 32

President of the Office

(1) The Office is managed by the President who shall be appointed and recalled by the President of the Czech Republic on the basis of a proposal of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic.

(2) The President of the Office shall be appointed for a period of 5 years. The President may be appointed for the maximum of two successive terms. The President shall be regarded as official body and entitled to issue orders to a civil servant as to the discharge of state service pursuant to the State Service Act.

(3) The President of the Office may be only a citizen of the Czech Republic who:

(a) enjoys legal capacity,

(b) is impeccable, meets the conditions prescribed by a special regulation and for whom it can be assumed in relation to his knowledge, experience and moral qualities that he will serve his position properly,

(c) has completed university education.

(4) For the purpose of this Act, a natural person shall be considered impeccable if he has not been lawfully sentenced for a wilful criminal offence or for an offence committed by negligence in relation to personal data processing.

(5) The position of the President of the Office cannot be exercised together with either of the positions of a Member of the Parliament or Senator, judge, state attorney, any position in the state administration, a position of a member of a territorial self-administration body and with the membership in political parties and movements.

(6) The President of the Office may not hold any other paid position, be in some other labour relationship, or perform any gainful activity, with the exception of administration of his own property and scientific, pedagogical, literal, journalistic and artistic activities, if such activities do not impair the dignity of the Office or threaten confidence in the independence and impartiality of the Office.

(7) The President of the Office shall be recalled from his position if he ceases to meet any of the conditions for his appointment.

(8) The President of the Office may also be recalled from his position if he fails to perform his position for a period of 6 months.

Art. 33

(1) An inspector shall be appointed and recalled by the President of the Czech Republic on the basis of a proposal of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic.

(2) An inspector shall be appointed for a period of 10 years. He may be appointed repeatedly.

(3) An inspector shall carry out inspections, direct inspections and perform other activities within the Office´s competence.

(4) The activities pursuant to paragraph 3 shall be carried out by 7 inspectors of the Office.

Art. 34

(1) An inspector may be only a citizen of the Czech Republic who enjoys legal capacity, has no criminal record, meets the conditions prescribed by a special legal regulation and has completed professional university education.

(2) The position of an inspector cannot be exercised together with either the positions of a Member of Parliament or Senator, judge, state attorney, any position in the state administration, a position of a member of a territorial self-administration body and membership in political parties and movements. An inspector may not hold any other paid position, be in some other labour relationship, or perform any gainful activity, with the exception of administration of his own property and scientific, pedagogical, literal, journalistic and artistic activities, if such activity does not impair the dignity of the Office or threaten confidence in the independence and impartiality of the Office.

(3) An inspector shall be recalled from his position if he ceases to meet any of the conditions for his appointment.
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