Artikkel 23
Restrictions

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EU-regulering
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nasj. regulering
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(8) Where this Regulation provides for specifications or restrictions of its rules by Member State law, Member States may, as far as necessary for coherence and for making the national provisions comprehensible to the persons to whom they apply, incorporate elements of this Regulation into their national law.

(73) Restrictions concerning specific principles and the rights of information, access to and rectification or erasure of personal data, the right to data portability, the right to object, decisions based on profiling, as well as the communication of a personal data breach to a data subject and certain related obligations of the controllers may be imposed by Union or Member State law, as far as necessary and proportionate in a democratic society to safeguard public security, including the protection of human life especially in response to natural or manmade disasters, the prevention, investigation and prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including the safeguarding against and the prevention of threats to public security, or of breaches of ethics for regulated professions, other important objectives of general public interest of the Union or of a Member State, in particular an important economic or financial interest of the Union or of a Member State, the keeping of public registers kept for reasons of general public interest, further processing of archived personal data to provide specific information related to the political behaviour under former totalitarian state regimes or the protection of the data subject or the rights and freedoms of others, including social protection, public health and humanitarian purposes. Those restrictions should be in accordance with the requirements set out in the Charter and in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

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(43) Whereas restrictions on the rights of access and information and on certain obligations of the controller may similarly be imposed by Member States in so far as they are necessary to safeguard, for example, national security, defence, public safety, or important economic or financial interests of a Member State or the Union, as well as criminal investigations and prosecutions and action in respect of breaches of ethics in the regulated professions; whereas the list of exceptions and limitations should include the tasks of monitoring, inspection or regulation necessary in the three last-mentioned areas concerning public security, economic or financial interests and crime prevention; whereas the listing of tasks in these three areas does not affect the legitimacy of exceptions or restrictions for reasons of State security or defence;

(44) Whereas Member States may also be led, by virtue of the provisions of Community law, to derogate from the provisions of this Directive concerning the right of access, the obligation to inform individuals, and the quality of data, in order to secure certain of the purposes referred to above;

GDPR

Article 23 of the Regulation being directly inspired by Article 13 of the Directive states that the Member States may maintain or introduce statutory restrictions to the data subject right sunder Articles 12 to 22 and Article 34 relating to the notification to the data subject about a breach of personal data and the principles set out in Article 5, provided that those restrictions comply with the essence of the fundamental rights and freedoms and is a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society to safeguard certain interests that are listed exhaustively.

Compared to the Directive, there is an extension of these interests including protection against threats to public safety and the prevention of these, important objectives of public interests of the Union or a Member State including an economic or financial interest of the Union or of a Member State, including monetary, budgetary and fiscal areas, public health and social security, or even the protection of the independence of justice and of judicial proceedings or to enable the execution of applications of civil law.

Article 23 in fine provides however that the legislative restrictions introduced by the Member States should contain many specific provisions relating to purposes, categories of processing and personal data, the extent of the introduced restrictions, or also to the risks to the rights and freedoms of individuals and the right of the data subject to be informed about such restrictions.

Direktivet

Under the Directive (Art. 13), the Member States were already allowed to limit the scope of the rights and obligations provided for in Article 6 on the quality of the data; in Articles 10 and 11 relating to the information to be provided to the data subject; Article 12 on the right to object and article 21 on the publicizing of processing. 

However such limitations are measures necessary for the implementation of exhaustively listed interests, for example, for ensuring the national security, defence, public security or prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences or of breaches of ethics in the case of the regulated professions.

Utfordringer

The possibilities of restrictions being extended, the room for maneuvering of the states increases, resulting in a risk of divergence of the protection systems, at the expense of the goal of harmonization of the new regulations. It is true that in return, the states will have to adapt them by more guarantees for the people, which can then be controlled by the Court of Justice.

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Art. 23

1.   Union or Member State law to which the data controller or processor is subject may restrict by way of a legislative measure the scope of the obligations and rights provided for in Articles 12 to 22 and Article 34, as well as Article 5 in so far as its provisions correspond to the rights and obligations provided for in Articles 12 to 22, when such a restriction respects the essence of the fundamental rights and freedoms and is a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society to safeguard:

(a) national security;

(b) defence;

(c) public security;

(d) the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including the safeguarding against and the prevention of threats to public security;

(e) other important objectives of general public interest of the Union or of a Member State, in particular an important economic or financial interest of the Union or of a Member State, including monetary, budgetary and taxation a matters, public health and social security;

(f) the protection of judicial independence and judicial proceedings;

(g) the prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of breaches of ethics for regulated professions;

(h) a monitoring, inspection or regulatory function connected, even occasionally, to the exercise of official authority in the cases referred to in points (a) to (e) and (g);

(i) the protection of the data subject or the rights and freedoms of others;

(j) the enforcement of civil law claims.

2.   In particular, any legislative measure referred to in paragraph 1 shall contain specific provisions at least, where relevant, as to:

(a) the purposes of the processing or categories of processing;

(b) the categories of personal data;

(c) the scope of the restrictions introduced;

(d) the safeguards to prevent abuse or unlawful access or transfer;

(e) the specification of the controller or categories of controllers;

(f) the storage periods and the applicable safeguards taking into account the nature, scope and purposes of the processing or categories of processing;

(g) the risks to the rights and freedoms of data subjects; and

(h) the right of data subjects to be informed about the restriction, unless that may be prejudicial to the purpose of the restriction

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Art. 21

1.           Union or Member State law may restrict by way of a legislative measure the scope of the obligations and rights provided for in points (a) to (e) of Article 5 and Articles 11 to 20 and Article 32, when such a restriction constitutes a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society to safeguard:

(a)     public security;

(b)     the prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences;

(c)     other public interests of the Union or of a Member State, in particular an important economic or financial interest of the Union or of a Member State, including monetary, budgetary and taxation matters and the protection of market stability and integrity;

(d)     the prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of breaches of ethics for regulated professions;

(e)     a monitoring, inspection or regulatory function connected, even occasionally, with the exercise of official authority in cases referred to in (a), (b), (c) and (d);

(f)      the protection of the data subject or the rights and freedoms of others.

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Art. 21

1.  Union or Member State law to which the data controller or processor is subject may restrict by way of a legislative measure the scope of the obligations and rights provided for in (...) Articles 12 to 20 and Article 32,  as well as Article 5 in so far as its provisions correspond to the rights and obligations provided for in Articles 12 to 20, when such a restriction constitutes a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society to safeguard:

(aa) national security;

(ab) defence;

(a) public security;

(b) the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties or the safeguarding against and the prevention of threats to public security;

(c) other important objectives of general public interests of the Union or of a Member State, in particular an important economic or financial interest of the Union or of a Member State, including, monetary, budgetary and taxation matters, public health and social security,the protection of market stability and integrity;

(ca) the protection of judicial independence and judicial proceedings ;

(d) the prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of breaches of ethics for regulated professions;

(e) a monitoring, inspection or regulatory function connected, even occasionally, with the exercise of official authority in cases referred to in (aa), (ab), (a), (b), (c) and (d);

(f) the protection of the data subject or the rights and freedoms of others;

(g) the enforcement of civil law claims

2. Any legislative measure referred to in paragraph 1 shall contain specific provisions at least, where relevant, as to the purposes of the processing or categories of processing, the categories of personal data, the scope of the restrictions introduced, the specification of the controller or categories of controllers, the storage periods and the applicable safeguards taking into account the nature, scope and purposes of the processing or categories of processing and the risks for the rights and freedoms of data subjects

.

 

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Art. 13

1. Member States may adopt legislative measures to restrict the scope of the obligations and rights provided for in Articles 6 (1), 10, 11 (1), 12 and 21 when such a restriction constitutes a necessary measures to safeguard:

(a) national security;

(b) defence;

(c) public security;

(d) the prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences, or of breaches of ethics for regulated professions;

(e) an important economic or financial interest of a Member State or of the European Union, including monetary, budgetary and taxation matters;

(f) a monitoring, inspection or regulatory function connected, even occasionally, with the exercise of official authority in cases referred to in (c), (d) and (e);

(g) the protection of the data subject or of the rights and freedoms of others.

2. Subject to adequate legal safeguards, in particular that the data are not used for taking measures or decisions regarding any particular individual, Member States may, where there is clearly no risk of breaching the privacy of the data subject, restrict by a legislative measure the rights provided for in Article 12 when data are processed solely for purposes of scientific research or are kept in personal form for a period which does not exceed the period necessary for the sole purpose of creating statistics.

Art. 23

Begrensninger

1. Unionsretten eller medlemsstatenes nasjonale rett som den behandlingsansvarlige eller databehandleren er underlagt, kan ved lovgivningsmessige tiltak begrense rekkevidden av forpliktelsene og rettighetene fastsatt i artikkel 12–22 og artikkel 34 samt i artikkel 5 i den grad dens bestemmelser svarer til rettighetene og pliktene fastsatt i artikkel 12–22, når en slik begrensning overholder det vesentligste innholdet i de grunnleggende rettighetene og frihetene og er et nødvendig og forholdsmessig tiltak i et demokratisk samfunn for å sikre

a) den nasjonale sikkerhet,

b) forsvaret,

c) den offentlige sikkerhet,

d) forebygging, etterforskning, avsløring eller straffeforfølging av straffbare forhold eller iverksettelse av strafferettslige sanksjoner, herunder vern mot og forebygging av trusler mot den offentlige sikkerhet,

e) andre viktige mål av generell allmenn interesse for Unionen eller en medlemsstat, særlig Unionens eller en medlemsstats viktige økonomiske eller finansielle interesser, herunder valuta-, budsjett- og skattesaker, folkehelse og trygdespørsmål,

f) beskyttelse av rettsvesenets uavhengighet samt retterganger,

g) forebygging, etterforskning, avsløring og straffeforfølging av brudd på yrkesetiske regler i lovregulerte yrker,

h) en kontroll-, tilsyns- eller reguleringsfunksjon som, også midlertidig, er knyttet til utøvelse av offentlig myndighet i tilfellene nevnt i bokstav a)–e) og g),

i) vern av den registrertes interesser eller andres rettigheter og friheter,

j) håndheving av sivilrettslige krav.

2. Alle lovgivningsmessige tiltak nevnt i nr. 1 skal, når det er relevant, minst inneholde særlige bestemmelser om

a) formålene med behandlingen eller kategorier av behandling,

b) kategoriene av personopplysninger,

c) omfanget av begrensningene som er innført,

d) garantiene for å unngå misbruk eller ulovlig tilgang eller overføring,

e) spesifisering av den behandlingsansvarlige eller kategoriene av behandlingsansvarlige,

f) lagringsperioder og gjeldende garantier, idet det tas hensyn til arten, omfanget av og formålene med behandlingen eller kategoriene av behandling,

g) risikoene for de registrertes rettigheter og friheter og

h) de registrertes rett til å bli underrettet om begrensningen, med mindre dette kan skade formålet med begrensningen.

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Pol. § 23 Unntak fra retten til informasjon

Retten til innsyn etter § 18 og § 22 og plikten til å gi informasjon etter § 19, § 20 og § 21 omfatter ikke opplysninger som

a) om de ble kjent, ville kunne skade rikets sikkerhet, landets forsvar eller forholdet til fremmede makter eller internasjonale organisasjoner,

b) det er påkrevd å hemmeligholde av hensyn til forebygging, etterforskning, avsløring og rettslig forfølgning av straffbare handlinger,

c) det må anses utilrådelig at den registrerte får kjennskap til, av hensyn til vedkommendes helse eller forholdet til personer som står vedkommende nær,

d) det i medhold av lov gjelder taushetsplikt for,

e) utelukkende finnes i tekst som er utarbeidet for den interne saksforberedelse og som heller ikke er utlevert til andre,

f) det vil være i strid med åpenbare og grunnleggende private eller offentlige interesser å informere om, herunder hensynet til den registrerte selv.

Opplysninger etter første ledd bokstav c kan på anmodning likevel gjøres kjent for en representant for den registrerte når ikke særlige grunner taler mot det.

Den som nekter å gi innsyn i medhold av første ledd må begrunne dette skriftlig med presis henvisning til unntakshjemmelen.

Kongen kan gi forskrift om andre unntak fra innsynsretten og informasjonsplikten og om vilkår for bruk av innsynsretten.

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Art. 3

(…)

§ 3. Les articles 6 à 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 17bis, alinéa 1er, 18, 20 et 31, §§ 1er à 3, ne s'appliquent pas aux traitements de données à caractère personnel gérés par la Sûreté de l'Etat, par le Service général du renseignement et de la sécurité des forces armées, par (les autorités visées aux articles 15, 22ter et 22quinquies de la loi du 11 décembre 1998 relative à la classification et aux habilitations, attestations et avis de sécurité et l'organe de recours créé par la loi du 11 décembre 1998 portant création d'un organe de recours en matière d'habilitations, d'attestations et d'avis de sécurité), par les officiers de sécurité et par le Comité permanent de contrôle des services de renseignements et son Service d'enquêtes, (ainsi que par l'Organe de coordination pour l'analyse de la menace,) lorsque ces traitements sont nécessaires à l'exercice de leurs missions.

§ 5. Les articles 9, 10, § 1er, et 12 ne s'appliquent pas :

  1° aux traitements de données à caractère personnel gérés par des autorités publiques en vue de l'exercice de leurs missions de police judiciaire;

  2° aux traitements de données à caractère personnel gérés par les services de police visés à l'article 3 de la loi du 18 juillet 1991 organique du contrôle des services de police et de renseignements, en vue de l'exercice de leurs missions de police administrative;

  3° aux traitements de données à caractère personnel gérés en vue de l'exercice de leurs missions de police administrative, par d'autres autorités publiques qui ont été désignées par arrêté royal délibéré en Conseil des ministres, après avis de la Commission de la protection de la vie privée;

  4° aux traitements de données à caractère personnel rendus nécessaires par la loi du 11 janvier 1993 relative à la prévention de l'utilisation du système financier aux fins du blanchiment de capitaux;

  5° au traitement de données à caractère personnel géré par le Comité permanent de contrôle des services de police et par son Service d'enquêtes en vue de l'exercice de leurs missions légales.

  § 6. Les articles 6, 8, 9, 10, § 1er, et 12 ne sont pas applicables après autorisation accordée par le Roi par arrêté délibéré en Conseil des ministres, aux traitements gérés par le Centre européen pour enfants disparus et sexuellement exploités, ci-après dénommé "le Centre", établissement d'utilité publique constitué par acte du 25 juin 1997 et reconnu par arrêté royal du 10 juillet 1997, pour la réception, la transmission à l'autorité judiciaire et le suivi de données concernant des personnes qui sont suspectées dans un dossier déterminé de disparition ou d'exploitation sexuelle, d'avoir commis un crime ou un délit. Cet arrêté détermine la durée et les conditions de l'autorisation après avis de la Commission de la protection de la vie privée

  Le Centre ne peut tenir un fichier de personnes suspectes d'avoir commis un crime ou un délit ou de personnes condamnées.

  Le conseil d'administration du Centre désigne parmi les membres du personnel du Centre un préposé à la protection des données ayant connaissance de la gestion et de la protection des données à caractère personnel. L'exercice de ses missions ne peut entraîner pour le préposé des désavantages. Il ne peut, en particulier, être licencié ou remplacé comme préposé à cause de l'exécution des tâches qui lui sont confiées. Le Roi détermine par arrêté délibéré en Conseil des ministres et après avis de la Commission de la protection de la vie privée les tâches du préposé et la manière dont ces tâches sont exécutées ainsi que la manière dont le Centre doit faire rapport à la Commission de la protection de la vie privée sur le traitement des données à caractère personnel effectué dans le cadre de l'autorisation accordée.

  Les membres du personnel et ceux qui traitent des données à caractère personnel pour le Centre sont tenus au secret.

  Toute violation de ce secret sera sanctionnée conformément aux dispositions de l'article 458 du Code pénal.

  Dans le cadre de ses missions d'appui à la recherche d'enfants signalés comme disparus ou enlevés, le Centre ne peut procéder à l'enregistrement de conversations téléphoniques si l'appelant en a été informé et dans la mesure où il ne s'y oppose pas.

  § 7. [1 Sans préjudice de l'application de dispositions légales particulières, l'article 10 n'est pas applicable aux traitements de données à caractère personnel gérés par le Service public fédéral Finances pendant la période durant laquelle la personne concernée fait l'objet d'un contrôle ou d'une enquête ou d'actes préparatoires à ceux-ci, effectués par le Service public fédéral Finances dans le cadre de l'exécution de ses missions légales, dans la mesure où cette application nuirait aux besoins du contrôle, de l'enquête ou des actes préparatoires et pour leur seule durée.

   La durée de ces actes préparatoires pendant laquelle ledit article 10 n'est pas applicable, ne peut excéder un an à partir de la demande introduite en application de cet article 10.

   Lorsque le Service public fédéral Finances a fait usage de l'exception telle que déterminée à l'alinéa 1er, la règle de l'exception est immédiatement levée après la clôture du contrôle ou de l'enquête ou dès la clôture des actes préparatoires lorsque ceux-ci n'ont pas abouti à un contrôle ou une enquête. Le Service de Sécurité de l'Information et Protection de la Vie Privée en informe le contribuable concerné sans délai et lui communique dans son entièreté la motivation contenue dans la décision du responsable du traitement ayant fait usage de l'exception.

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